Below-resonance designs require a specific saturation magnetization for each frequency range. At these frequencies, the magnetic field from the permanent magnet is insufficient to saturate the ferrite for above resonance use. However, at higher frequencies (C-band and X-band) only below resonance circulators may be used. loss indicating regions for above and below resonance operation in a circulator. This means that they are immune to power non-linearities and offer consistent insertion loss performance over the full operating window, it also allows for miniaturization techniques to produce a smaller device than would be possible using below resonance operation.įigure 2: Schematic of frequency vs. Extended Range of Frequencies for Military Applications:ĭevices for L-band, S-band and the lower portion of C-band are designed to operate in the above resonance region of the ferrite material absorption curve. Skyworks has the materials science and device design expertise to provide differentiated products to address each of these key considerations.ġ. Reliability and Ruggedness Improvements.There are 3 main areas that differentiate Defense applications related to circulator designs: īy Combining military device heritage dating back over fifty years with wide-ranging material expertise, Skyworks is in a unique position to provide a range of circulators and isolators specifically tailored for aerospace and defense applications. Circulators can be designed to allow RF signal to travel in either the clockwise or counterclockwise direction.įigure 1: Schematic of circulator operations. However, the signal is strongly attenuated travelling in the reverse (circular) direction. In Figure 1 below, the RF signal can readily travel from port 1 to port 2, port 2 to port 3 or port 3 to port 1. Thus, these devices act as a rotary traffic circle for RF energy. Isolators and circulators belong to a class of devices known as “non-reciprocal” which are useful in allowing the flow of an RF signal from one circular direction while absorbing or attenuating the flow in the opposite rotational direction. With its heritage as highly regarded supplier of advanced circulator devices for commercial applications, Skyworks combines patented ceramic innovations and cutting-edge circulator design to offer a complete solution for all military circulator and isolator needs. Designers of systems for military applications may take advantage of these advances for use in applications such as radar systems. This demand had resulted in significant technological advances in both devices and the materials used within them. With the explosion of commercial wireless telephony and the Internet of Things (IoT), there has been a greatly increased demand for circulators in base stations. A three-port circulator would be used with one port being the antenna and the other ports being the transmit and receive chains. For example, in commercial base stations where the transmit and receive chains share a common antenna, it is desirable to separate the receive chain path from the transmit path and vice versa. To use a street analogy, an isolator behaves as a one-way street while a circulator behaves as a traffic circle. Isolators and circulators have long been used for both military and commercial applications whenever RF signal needs to be directed down a circuit path and blocked from another circuit path.
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